With a steel-hulled ship, it is the shape of the hull that determines how well it floats and how much of a load it can handle. If the object is less dense, then it will float. If the object is denser than the fluid, the object will sink. What determines whether an object floats or sinks? It's the density (mass per unit of volume) of the object compared with the density of the liquid it is in. In this activity, you'll make little "boats" out of aluminum foil to explore how their size and shape affects the amount of weight they carry and how this relates to water density. Then how can a steel ship float? And better yet, how can a steel ship carry a heavy load without sinking? It has to do with the density of the ship (including its cargo) relative to the density of water. Have you ever wondered how a ship made of steel can float? If you drop a steel bolt into a bucket of water, the bolt quickly sinks to the bottom.
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